The course participant will gain a deep and thorough understanding and critical comprehension of biofuels and e-fuels, their promise for the future as well as an appreciation of the technical and economic challenges and the role of government legislation, mandates & subsidies and feedstocks. In particular the pros and cons of the various biofuels and e-fuels processes, their scaling up towards commercialisation, their chances of success looking to 2025, 2030 and beyond, are presented.